"The reforms did not address the underlying inequalities affecting working-class women," she writes, "Nor the diffuse sense of oppressed social dislocation which many young university-educated middle-class women like me were experiencing."
For Rowbotham and the other socialist feminists who dominated the British women's movement, women's liberation was bound up with the dismantling of capitalism. In particular, the view that gender is a "social construction"-that, in Simone de Beauvoir's phrase, one is "not born, but becomes, a woman"-has been taken by some feminists to imply that trans women who have not undergone "female socialization" cannot be women. A few years ago, the British philosopher Kathleen Stock tweeted, "I reject regressive gender stereotypes for women, which is partly why I won't submit to an ideology that insists womanhood is a feeling, then cashes that out in sexist terms straight from 50s." In a new book, "Material Girls: Why Reality Matters for Feminism," Stock rows back from this sentiment: "It seems strange to blame trans women for their attraction to regressive female-associated stereotypes when apparently so many non-trans women are attracted to them too. "
At the same time, trans-exclusionary feminists often ridicule trans women who fail to "pass" as cis women. " Given the generations of women who have had to learn to lead the lives, and inhabit the bodies, of women, what does it mean, Rowling and others seem to ask, that increasing numbers of young people elect not to? And given the painful experience that this living as women is for so many, what right do trans women have to claim that experience as their own? "As much as I recognize and endorse the right of men to throw off the mantle of maleness," Burkett, the American journalist, writes, "they cannot stake their claim to dignity as transgender people by trampling on mine as a woman. " Her memoir describes visits to, and from, the women's movements in Germany, Italy, Spain, Greece, and France; time spent poring over a friend's notes on a Vietnamese women's delegation; and research into the role of women in nationalist movements in Cuba and Algeria. Throughout "Feminist International," Gago uses the phrase "women, lesbians, trans people, and travestis"-the final term is used by some Latin American trans women, especially sex workers.
source: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/09/13/who-lost-the-sex-wars
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